Valves are essential mechanical devices that control the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passages within a pipeline or system. They are integral components in various industries, including oil and gas, water treatment, manufacturing, and more. Valves come in a wide range of types, such as ball valves, gate valves, butterfly valves, and check valves, each designed for specific purposes and operating conditions. Their functions vary from regulating fluid flow and pressure to preventing backflow and maintaining system safety. Valves play a crucial role in ensuring the efficient and safe operation of numerous processes and applications.